Ebola virus disease (or Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever) is a severe and often fatal disease caused by ebolavirus that was discovered in 1976.
Ebola disease is a mammalian disease and is considered to be spread to humans through fruit bats, monkeys or chimpanzees in Africa initially and then the human to human transmission has made it a world wide threat. Humans are infectious once they develop signs and symptoms of the disease.
Signs and Symptoms of Ebola disease
Ebola virus disease has a incubation period of 2-21 days. Initial symptoms include sudden onset of fever, malaise, fatigue and sore throat. As the disease progresses rash, vomiting and diarrhea sets in along with kidney and liver damage. Some cases result in internal and external bleeding, hence called hemorrhagic disease.
Diagnosing Ebola disease
Ebola hemorrhagic fever is diagnosed by a detailed history including travel history of the patient along with physical examination followed by laboratory investigations. Diagnosis is confirmed by detecting the RNA or proteins in the isolated virus.
Treatment
Sadly, no treatment specific to ebolavirus is currently approved or standardized. However supportive measures do improve the survival rate.
Outbreaks of Ebola Disease
There have been outbreaks of ebolavirus several times since its discovery. The first one being in 1976 in Sudan and Zaire, from 1995 to 2013 in Congo and Uganda at various occasions and in 2014 earlier in West Africa and then to USA and several other regions.
Prevention of Ebola disease
Since the vaccine and definitive treatment isn’t available for the virus, prevention is the only effective remedy against Ebola virus.
It’s important to understand that Ebola is not new or unique disease. Many other diseases, much deadlier are out there. So first thing to do is to “calm down”. Secondly, prevention includes steps taken to avoid other human to human transferrable diseases via fluid medium.
Steps for Ebola disease prevention are:
- Reduce the wild life interaction specially with fruit bats, monkeys and apes
- Avoid close contact with people with Ebola symptoms
- Proper and safe burial of dead due to Ebola virus.
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
1 pointsWhat is a heat wave?
Correct
Heat wave is defined extremely hot weather that maybe accompanied by humidity. It is more prominent in countries with oceanic climate,
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Heat wave is defined extremely hot weather that maybe accompanied by humidity. It is more prominent in countries with oceanic climate,
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Question 2 of 10
2. Question
1 pointsWhen the temperature at a particular place increases by at least 5°C and stays the same for 5-6 consecutive days, it is called
Correct
As per the Heat Wave Duration Index of Frich et al, the weather becomes a heat wave when the temperature exceeds the normal temperature by at least 5°C and stays that way for minimum 5 consecutive days.
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As per the Heat Wave Duration Index of Frich et al, the weather becomes a heat wave when the temperature exceeds the normal temperature by at least 5°C and stays that way for minimum 5 consecutive days.
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Question 3 of 10
3. Question
1 pointsDuring heat wave outdoor activities must be avoided during
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Duringna heat wave, outdorrs must be avoided during noon time especially from 12 to 3 PM. In some places people are advised to stay indoors from 11 AM to 4 PM.
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Duringna heat wave, outdorrs must be avoided during noon time especially from 12 to 3 PM. In some places people are advised to stay indoors from 11 AM to 4 PM.
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
1 pointsWhich of these activities must be avoided during heat wave?
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Strenous activities whether indoors or outdoors must be avoided during heat wave. Cricket being strenous activity must be avoided.
Incorrect
Strenous activities whether indoors or outdoors must be avoided during heat wave. Cricket being strenous activity must be avoided.
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Question 5 of 10
5. Question
1 pointsWhich of these foods must be avoided?
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Fried foods and foods rich in protein inly increase the thirst and they are likely to dehydrate our body. Hence, such foods must be avoided in case of a heat wave. Foods rich in water and electrolytes like buttermilk, lemon juice, etc. help keep the body hydrated.
Incorrect
Fried foods and foods rich in protein inly increase the thirst and they are likely to dehydrate our body. Hence, such foods must be avoided in case of a heat wave. Foods rich in water and electrolytes like buttermilk, lemon juice, etc. help keep the body hydrated.
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Question 6 of 10
6. Question
1 pointsAn emergency kit for heat wave must contain
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Hand fan, electrolyte solution, umbrella/ cap, water and hand towel are needed in a heat wave emergency kit.
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Hand fan, electrolyte solution, umbrella/ cap, water and hand towel are needed in a heat wave emergency kit.
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Question 7 of 10
7. Question
1 pointsWhat causes heat wave?
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When the high pressure strengthens over a particular area, remaining so for a considerable period of time, heat wave is generated.
Incorrect
When the high pressure strengthens over a particular area, remaining so for a considerable period of time, heat wave is generated.
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Question 8 of 10
8. Question
1 pointsHeat wave in Eastern parts of United States occurs due to high pressure system from
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In Eastern America, the high pressure from Gulf of Mexico becomes stationary near the Bermuda High causing heat wave.
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In Eastern America, the high pressure from Gulf of Mexico becomes stationary near the Bermuda High causing heat wave.
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Question 9 of 10
9. Question
1 pointsWhat is bergwind?
Correct
Bergwinds typically occur in Western Cape of South Africa. An offshore low pressure and inland high pressure combines in this case forming a bergwind.
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Bergwinds typically occur in Western Cape of South Africa. An offshore low pressure and inland high pressure combines in this case forming a bergwind.
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
1 pointsWhy were gritters used in summer in England?
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During the heat wave of 2003 in England, gritters were used to grit the roads since they started buckling and melting under the heat.
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During the heat wave of 2003 in England, gritters were used to grit the roads since they started buckling and melting under the heat.
Comments ( 2 )
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